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Authors
Stefan, Nina https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3506-1506
Schwarzkopf, Larissa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-7700
Buth, Sven https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-1973
Meyer, Gerhard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-0167
Bickl, Andreas M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2333-9846
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bavarian Coordination Centre for Gambling Issues (Bayerische Landesstelle Gluecksspielsucht
Deutscher Lotto- und Totoblock
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 19 June 2025
Declarations
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: The “Gambling Survey 2023” was appraised by the ethics committee of the Medical Chamber of Hamburg in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As all analyses rely on anonymous data, the chamber decided that a comprehensive ethics vote is not required (editing number: 2023–300315-WF, Ethikkommission der Hamburger Ärztekammer).
: Not applicable.
: Over the three years immediately prior to conducting this study, NS, LS, and AB declare that they have no competing interests. Apart from conducting the “Gambling Survey 2023,” GM has received financial support for gambling-related research from the Manfred and Ursula Fluß Foundation of the University of Bremen within the last three years. SB has received financial support for scientific, gambling-related research projects from different state-owned lottery companies within the last three years.
