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Authors
Hou, Jing
He, Yi
Lian, Haifeng
Yan, Haosen
Li, Jialian
Yan, Lailai
Huang, Wenzhong
Zhang, Yiwen
Gao, Sen
Sun, Hongwei
Lu, Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taishan Scholar Foundation (tsqn202211228)
National Science Foundation of China (42307549)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202103050697)
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Article History
Received: 1 March 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 7 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all questions in the investigation questionnaire were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Binzhou Medical College (Ethical approval ID: 2023075). Informed consent to participants was provided at the beginning of the questionnaire for each participant, which clearly stated the use of information and privacy protection policies for agreement.
: Not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
