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Authors
Nakie, Girum
Tadesse, Gebresilassie
Fentahun, Setegn
Rtbey, Gidey
Andualem, Fantahun
Kibralew, Getasew
Kelebie, Mulualem
Melkam, Mamaru
Tinsae, Techilo
Kassa, Mulat Awoke
Alemayehu, Tekletsadik Tekleslassie
Yigezu, Muluken
Tsegaw, Tigist Kifle
Segon, Tesfaye
Wassie, Yilkal Abebaw
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2025
Accepted: 10 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: All methods were conducted according to the ethical standard of the declaration of Helsinki. Since this study is a secondary analysis of publicly available and anonymized data from multiple sub-Saharan African countries, no additional ethics approval was required. The data were obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey Program repository with permission after submitting a request and providing a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose. The Demographic and Health Surveys are conducted by national statistical agencies in collaboration with ICF International. Ethical approval for data collection was obtained from the national ethics committees of each participating country and ICF International, ensuring compliance with ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants during data collection. The datasets are fully de-identified and do not contain any personally identifiable information. .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
