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Authors
Yamashiro, Daichi
Suzuki, Hiroyuki
Ogawa, Susumu
Yamashita, Mari
Moriya, Hiroki
Sasai, Hiroyuki
Obuchi, Shuichi P.
Abe, Takumi
Murayama, Hiroshi
Hirata, Takumi
Fujiwara, Yoshinori
Awata, Shuichi
Akishita, Masahiro
Toba, Kenji
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Ishizaki, Tatsuro
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Article History
Received: 10 March 2025
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
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: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in each cohort study. All adult participants were deemed capable of providing ethical and medical consent by qualified mental health experts. This study was approved by the ethics review board of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (No. R21-08, June 29, 2023). For this secondary use of research data, the study's purpose and details regarding data usage were disclosed through a dedicated website, public relations magazines, and postal mail. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw consent, and their cooperation was obtained under an opt-out model. This study was carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
