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Authors
Zhao, Meng
Huo, Xiaoyang
Zhang, Haihong
Wu, Chen
Peng, Sijing
Liu, Zuyun
Sha, Sha
Li, Ming
Wang, Kefang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation (82404388)
Humanities and Social Science Department of the Ministry of Education Planning Fund (23YJCZH314)
Social Science Foundation of Shandong Province (21DSHJ05)
Key Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province (2024AH050977)
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 18 July 2025
Declarations
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: CHARLS received ethical permits from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
