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Authors
Chang, Yea-Yuan
Kuo, Shu-Chen
Ku, Stephane Wen-Wei
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Article History
Received: 5 February 2024
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
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: The Institutional Review Board of Taipei City Hospital’s Ethics Committee approved this study (IRB No. TCHIRB-11008016-E). All patient data were anonymized and disconnected, with no minors included in the study. The IRB waived the requirement for written informed consent.
: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
