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Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 1 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The survey used a freely available secondary survey dataset (BDHS, 2022) which is available online (). The survey was approved by the Ethics Committee of ICF Macro in Calverton, USA, and by the National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) in Bangladesh, and the authority was taken permission from the participants i.e., facility in charge to participate in the survey (2022) and all participants signed in a consent form. Thus, ethical approval and consent to participate were automatically deemed unnecessary for the current study.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.