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Authors
Jacques, Queen
Donnan, Jennifer
Bishop, Lisa
Howells, Rachel
Gao, Zhiwei
Najafizada, Maisam
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (RN407334 - 429120, RN407334 - 429120, RN407334 - 429120, RN407334 - 429120)
Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction (RN407334 - 429120, RN407334 - 429120, RN407334 - 429120, RN407334 - 429120)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2024
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 24 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent digitally via Qualtrics. Before accessing the questionnaire, participants were presented with a digital informed consent form and asked to select ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ to participating in the study. Only participants consenting ‘Yes’ were included in this study. Ethical approval for this research was obtained from the Interdisciplinary Committee on Ethics in Human Research (ICEHR) at Memorial University of Newfoundland. This study is a subproject of a larger research initiative and, as such, received two ethics approvals (20230628-PH; 20230882-ME).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
