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Article History

Received: 4 October 2024

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 22 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hull. Plans were made to provide support if a person with diabetes became unwell during the study, became emotional, needed more information about diabetes or were worried about experiencing symptoms or powerlessness over their diabetes control or that of their family member. Those who agreed to participate were met at convenient venues, dates and times. Detailed information was given regarding the study. It was explained that the observation and conversational interviews could be demanding and uncomfortable especially when conducting relevant activities with the researcher present. Enough time was given for potential participants to ask questions about the research. The decision to participate was entirely theirs without coercion. They also knew they could withdraw from the study at any time if they changed their minds without consequences. Potential participants were given information sheets and consent forms containing in-depth information and were given 2 to 5 days to think through their decisions to participate. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all the participants in the study before data collection began. Confidentiality regarding any information given was assured and data was held securely and solely used for this study. Our study adhered to the Helsinki declaration of conducting research involving humans. This study belongs to Staffordshire University.

: ‘Not Applicable’.

: The authors declare no competing interests.