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Authors
Early, Erin
Miller, Sarah
Dunne, Laura
O’Reilly, Dermot
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was funded by the ADRC ESRC research grant. (ES/W010240/1, ES/W010240/1, ES/W010240/1, ES/W010240/1)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2024
Accepted: 27 June 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study uses secondary data, specifically anonymised administrative data sources. The analysis was based on de-identified population level data and the data was supplied for the sole purpose of this project. The study received ethical approval from the Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Faculty Research Ethics Committee at Queen’s University Belfast (Reference Number: PREC 16.05).Informed consent to participate in the study was deemed unnecessary according to national regulations. The lawful basis for processing personal data falls under the Public Interest Article 6.1.E of the Data Protection Act 2018.The dataset used in this study consists of three administrative data sources in Northern Ireland (Census, School Leavers Survey and School Census). It is a legal requirement for the population to complete the Census every ten years. Schools are legally required by the Department of Education to annually complete the School Leavers Survey and School Census. These data were linked and made available to the research team as an anonymised dataset through Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
