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Authors
Guo, Ji-ru
Chen, Long-yin
Zhang, Xiao-li
Wang, Gu-yue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (346620)
Shaanxi Provincial Research Institute of Philosophy and Social Sciences (2025YB0292)
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Article History
Received: 18 February 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 16 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study used data from the “China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,” approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). Each respondent who participated in the survey signed an informed consent form. All data were collected in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
