Liang, Fu-Wen
Chou, Chia-Sui
Chen, Hsiu-Lin
Jeng, Mei-Jy
Chou, Hung-Chieh
Chiang, Ming-Chou
Lien, Reyin
Chang, Hung-Yang
Peng, Chun-Chih
Lu, Tsung-Hsueh
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (MOST 109− 2314−B−006−048)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW111-ST-M-123-122001)
Article History
Received: 17 May 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Change Date: 29 October 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: Following the article's publication, the order of affiliations in the Author detail section has been updated.
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval: The present study was conducted using publicly available aggregate data without personally identifiable information; therefore, patient consent was not required. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (A-EX-112-019).
: Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.