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Authors
Zhao, Xiaojiang
Han, Laiguo
Ding, Hong
Li, Changqing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China (2024AH052821, 2024AH052823)
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 4 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Declarations
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: This secondary analysis uses CHARLS data, approved by Peking University's Biomedical Ethics Review Committee (IRB001052-11015), with participants'written consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
