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Authors
Kiyingi, Joshua
Ssewamala, Fred M.
Neilands, Torsten B.
Tebbetts, Scott
Mulauzi, Nancy
Mkandawire, James
Conroy, Amy A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
U.S. National Institutes of Health (34-AA027983)
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was granted ethical approval by the Human Research Protection Program at the University of California, San Francisco, and the National Health Science Research Committee in Malawi. Both recruited partners in the study gave written informed consent, which was obtained in separate, private rooms. The Mlambe study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.
: Both recruited partners in the study gave written consent to publication, which was obtained in separate, private rooms.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
