Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 January 2025

Accepted: 10 July 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Declarations

:

: In addition to obtaining ethical approval first from the joint ethical committee of Nursing and Midwifery and Rehabilitation School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), with the ethical code number (IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1401.180), and also from Kaduna Health Administration in Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. With ethical code number (HREC REFERENCE NUMBER: BDTH/2023/083/VOL/1) and (REGISTRATION NUMBER: NHREC/30/11/21A), the study adhered to the principles of research ethics and ensured the protection of participants' rights and well-being. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The confidentiality of participants' information was maintained, and all data collected was securely stored and accessible only to the research team.Participants' autonomy was respected throughout the study, and they were given the freedom to participate or withdraw from the study at any time without facing any consequences or negative impacts on their care. Moreover, the participants' privacy and dignity were safeguarded throughout the research process, and no identifying information was used in the analysis or reporting of the data.Overall, the study followed ethical guidelines and considerations to protect the rights, welfare, and dignity of the research participants and ensure the scientific integrity of the study findings. Throughout the study, the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed, and all methods were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations.

: The authors declare no competing interests.