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Authors
Torrejon-Echaccaya, Karina I.
Mathews-Haro, Nelson J.
Rodriguez-Simbron, David
Soriano-Moreno, David R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-0014
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Peruana Unión (approval code: 2025-CEB-FCS - UPeU-° 0031). This study followed the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided oral informed consent to take part in the survey and for hemoglobin measurement. The analysis used publicly available and anonymized secondary data from the ENDES 2023 survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
