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Article History

Received: 22 January 2024

Accepted: 19 November 2024

First Online: 15 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All study participants were thoroughly informed about the purpose of the research prior to voluntary recruitment, and informed consent was obtained. Participants were assured that they had the right to withhold their responses or withdraw from the study at any time during the survey or health promotion intervention, without facing any penalties. Privacy and confidentiality were strictly maintained throughout the data collection and analysis process, with individual code numbers assigned to each participant’s questionnaire. The study proposal was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) under registration number HP-2511.

: I, as the primary author of this manuscript, agree to publish my manuscript with BMC Public Health.

: The authors declare no competing interests.