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Authors
Tang, Wenjing
Yu, Jiaojiao
Yang, Kefeng
Jia, Jie
Mao, Xuanxia
Song, Fangfang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science research project of Ministry of Education (24YJCZH273)
2025 Shanghai Jiao Tong University liberal Arts youth talent cultivation program (2025QN038)
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 21 July 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS survey project is in strict compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants were required to sign informed consent. Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
