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Authors
Huang, Qing
Jiang, Zihao
Han, Mei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Natural Science Key Project of the Anhui Provincial Education Department (no. 2023AH051915)
Natural Science Key Project of Bengbu Medical University, (no. 2021byzd035)
Natural Science Key Project of Bengbu Medical University (no. 2023byzd031)
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: The baseline and follow-up surveys of CHARLS were obtained from the Peking University Ethics Review Board (IRB00001052-11015) approval, and all respondents signed an informed consent form.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
