Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 23 July 2025

First Online: 30 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study followed national research ethics guidelines and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Ref. No: IR.KUMS.REC.1403.548). As stated in the inclusion criteria, only individuals aged 16 years and older were eligible to participate in the study. Therefore, consent from parents or legal guardians was not required.Both electronic and paper questionnaires were used for data collection. For the electronic version, participants were required to read an informed consent statement and actively indicate their agreement by checking a consent box before accessing the questionnaire. For participants who were illiterate or had physical limitations and used the paper version, the consent form was read aloud to them by a caregiver, family member, or trusted individual. Verbal informed consent was obtained only after the participant clearly expressed their understanding and willingness to participate. No thumbprints were used.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.