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Authors
Keshavarz, Sedigheh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-1227
Farnam, Farnaz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-7079
Kharaghani, Roghieh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2276-0433
Damghanian, Maryam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-232X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (1402-4-100-70425, 1402-4-100-70425, 1402-4-100-70425, 1402-4-100-70425)
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences approved this study on July 31, 2023, under the ethics code IR: TUMS.FNM.REC.1402.103. The study adhered to the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions. Each volunteer participant provided informed consent after the researcher explained the entire process, research objectives, and the confidentiality of the information. For participants under 16, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians in collaboration with the school principal. Participants were not required to complete the questionnaire.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
