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Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Accepted: 28 July 2025

First Online: 31 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the En Chu Kong Hospital, with the approval number ECKIRB1130507. All participants provided informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study, ensuring that they fully understood the purpose, procedures, and potential risks associated with the research. Participation was voluntary, and participants were assured of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Data were collected and stored in accordance with applicable national guidelines to ensure privacy and confidentiality.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.