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Authors
Mai, Tianxiang
Bao, Yang
Chao, Guanqun
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 30 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study is based on publicly available anonymized datasets from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Ethical approval for the original data collection was obtained by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). As this research utilized publicly available anonymized secondary data, no additional ethical review was required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
