Wang, Minzhen
Sang, Chen
He, Yinqian
Chen, Hao
Jia, Jia
Zheng, Shan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cohort Study on the Risk of Diabetes Associated with Multi-Metal Mixed Exposure (23JRRA1019, 23JRRA1019)
the Open Project of Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Medical Research on Diabetes (KF2023-02, KF2023-02)
the Joint Scientific Research Fund of Gansu Province (24JRRA819, 24JRRA819)
Article History
Received: 4 January 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the ethics committees of the School of Public Health, Lanzhou University (2017-01). There were no participants, and consent was not needed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.