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Authors
Koray, Munawar Harun
Adomah-Afari, Augustine
Xu, Dong Roman
Wu, Dadong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (81067392)
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Child Health and Diseases (ZDSYS20230626091559006)
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Article History
Received: 24 January 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was initially obtained from the Upper West Regional Directorate, followed by clearance from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (ID: GHS-ERC 038/01/24). All participants were provided with detailed information about the study, either in writing or through verbal explanation, and gave written informed consent before participating.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
