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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 7 August 2025

First Online: 1 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Although the data used in our study were obtained from publicly available sources, the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Biomedical Scientific Research Ethics Subcommittee of Henan University (Approval number: HUSOM2024-634). No individual participant data were involved, and therefore, consent to participate was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.