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Authors
Kuo, Wan-Yin
Huang, Chien-Cheng
Chen, Chi-An
Ho, Chung-Han
Hsu, Chien-Chin
Lin, Hung-Jung
Su, Shih-Bin
Wang, Jhi-Joung
Guo, How-Ran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chi Mei Medical Center (CMNCKU11011)
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2023
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was carried out according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chi Mei Medical Center (approval code: 11203-007). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the use of de-identified and encrypted data, in compliance with the Taiwan Personal Data Protection Act. The data used in this study were accessed on-site at the Health and Welfare Data Science Center (HWDC), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, which were publicly available for Taiwanese researchers upon approval of application and receipt of payment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
