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Authors
Budu, Eugene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8484-9225
Armah-Ansah, Ebenezer Kwesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-6125
Gyawu, Nhyira Owusuaa
Tweneboah, Rabbi https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7358-5319
Sekyi-Dickson, Kwamena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-2317
Oga-Omenka, Charity
Otchi, Elom Hillary
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 27 August 2025
Declarations
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: All GDHS survey data are freely available to the public. All surveys were approved by ICF international and the Ghana Health Service. The Measure DHS Program also ensured that the survey protocols complied with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for the protection of human subjects. This study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines [].
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
