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Authors
Zhang, Yadi
Gao, Xiaoge
Koch, Pamela Ann
Cai, Xiaxia
Gao, Min
Yue, Jianying
Sun, Yang
Sun, Shengzhi
Yu, Huanling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KZ202210025039)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (82473615)
High-Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2024
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study received approval from Capital Medical University’s Ethics Committee (approval numbers Z2022SY077, Z2023SY137). All participants began the survey after reviewing the electronic informed consent form and providing confirmation of their consent following an oral explanation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
