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Authors
Li, Shuyuan
Tang, Xiang
Ge, Yong
Zhou, Deju
Liu, Hongjiang
Sun, Teng
Feng, Shoujie
Zhang, Cheng
Zhang, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472885)
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0529400 & 2024ZD0529405)
The Social Development Projects of Key R&D Programs in Xuzhou City (KC22097 and KC22252)
Construction Project of High Level Hospital of Jiangsu Province (GSPJS202406)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: CHARLS received approval from the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. HRS received approval from the University of Michigan. ELSA received approval from London Multi-Centre Research. SHARE received approval from Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
