Yang, Fan
Su, Min
Zhang, Tianjiao
Zhang, Weile
Liu, Zelin
Li, Huibo
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72204128)
Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2025YQ041)
Joint Research Fund of Inner Mongolia Medical Academy (2023GLLH0042)
Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The ethics review board of Peking University approved the CHARLS study (approval number IRB00001052-11015). Informed consent was obtained, and the data were anonymized for analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.