Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 December 2024

Accepted: 12 August 2025

First Online: 24 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Prince Sultan University (Approval Number PSU IRB-2022-01-0101). Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection, ensuring that they were aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. The research adhered to ethical guidelines and principles, safeguarding the privacy and confidentiality of participants throughout the study.

: All participants provided written consent for their data to be published in academic journals. Consent for publication was obtained separately from consent to participate, ensuring that participants were aware of and agreed to the use of their data in scholarly dissemination.

: The authors declare no competing interests.