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Authors
MacGinty, Rae
Hoffman, Nadia
Koen, Nastassja
Zar, Heather J.
Stein, Dan J.
Pellowski, Jennifer
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
South African Medical Research Council
National Institutes of Health (R01HD108048)
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2024
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: This research was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) at the University of Cape Town (HREC reference: 383/2023). The parent study, the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS) was approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences, HREC, University of Cape Town (401/2009) and by the Western Cape Provincial Health Research committee (2011RP45). Written informed consent was given by a mother at enrolment and renewed annually thereafter.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
