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Authors
Yang, Man
Liu, Jia
Shen, Suwen
Shen, Qian
Liu, Yaqi
Qian, Yun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Youth Foundation of Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission (Q202267)
the Youth Foundation of Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission (Q202365)
Top Talent Support Program of Wuxi Taihu Talents Plan; Top Talent Support programme for Young and Middle-aged Scientists (HB2023095)
General Programme of Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University (WMCG202303)
Medical Key Discipline Program of Wuxi Health Commission (LCZX2021006)
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2024
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS protocol was designed in compliance with international ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to implementation, the study received formal ethical clearance (approval number IRB00001052-11015) from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University’s School of Medicine. All enrolled participants voluntarily provided documented consent after being fully informed about the study procedures. Furthermore, our research methodology strictly adhered to the STROBE guidelines for observational epidemiological studies to ensure rigorous reporting standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not clinical trial.
