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Authors
Leng, Yanlin
Cheng, Zhitao
Jia, Chenyan
Wu, Tingfang
Liu, Hao
Li, Fan
Wang, Junfeng
Tang, Yong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFC3605202)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015) and conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
