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Authors
Zhou, Chao
Zhang, Jiyue
Wan, Shenwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Sciences Research Program of the Ministry of Education (23YJC790188)
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University, and all the participants provided signed informed consent at the time of participation. Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052–11015; The IRB approval number for biomarker collection, was IRB00001052–11014.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
