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Authors
Lv, Hengliang
Chen, Hui
Zhang, Xueli
Li, Xuan
Liu, Lisha
Dang, Caixia
Liu, Xihao
Zhao, Chunyu
Zhang, Xin
Bai, Junzhu
You, Shumeng
Zhang, Wenyi
Xu, Yuanyong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12031010, 12031010)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2024
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: Based on the sources and content of the data used in this research, it was drawn from publicly accessible databases, conducted using population-level disease surveillance data, without the concerns of conflict of interests, societal sensitivity, or personal privacy. According to the Notice of China’s Pilot Ethical Review Guidelines for Science and Technology, the research in this case is exempt from requiring ethics review. ; .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
