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Authors
Chirimwami, Vincent
Dukuzumuremyi, Egide
Mulumba, Joy
Canavan, Noni
Van Ryzin, Mark
Bergen, Andrew W.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Oregon Health Authority (176219, 176219, 176219, 176219, 176219, 176219)
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2024
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: The Oregon Research Institute’s Institutional Review Board provided ethical approval for the study and for the Informed Consent. Informed consent was obtained from all survey participants prior to participants accessing the survey.
: This study did not collect personal identifiers of the participants, therefore obtaining consent to publish identifying information was not applicable.
: During the course of the study (2022-2024): VC reports employment or affiliation with M. E. B. Research, Multnomah County, Portland Community College, Oregon Research Institute (ORI), ORI Community & Evaluation Services (ORI-CES), Portland Public Schools, Immigrant and Refugee Community Organization, African Family Holistic Health Organization (AFHHO), and the Center for African Immigrants and Refugees Organization; ED reports employment with AFHHO and the International Red Cross; JM reports employment with AFHHO; NC reports employment with ORI and ORI-CES; MVR reports employment with ORI, ORI-CES and the University of Oregon; and, AWB reports employment with ORI, ORI-CES, and Rutgers University.
