Updates are available Correction dated 2026-02-21

Article History

Received: 22 April 2024

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Change Date: 27 January 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: the duplicate name of author Jihane Ben-Farhat was removed.

Change Date: 21 February 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26405-5

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was received from the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference: 320/2018), the Provincial Health Research Unit of the KwaZulu Natal Department of Health (NHRD 2018 Ref: KZ_201807_26) and the Médecins Sans Frontières Ethics Review Board (Reference: ID1842). Written informed consent (in English or isi-Zulu) was collected prior to participation. Approvals included the cut off of 15 years of age in seeking guardian consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.