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Authors
Lu, Yong
Long, Yanyin
Qin, Kai
Chen, Jiao
Liu, Di
Yan, Bo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Guizhou Medical University, China ([No. J (2020)65])
National Natural Science Foundation of China Incubation Program, Guizhou Medical University, China ([No. 20NSP061])
Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province ([ZK 2022 general 373])
College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program ([S202210660112])
Research Skills Improvement Project of Guangzhou Medical University ([02-410-2302248XM])
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2024
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Guizhou Medical University (No.2021-082), and a signed informed consent form was obtained from all participants before the survey. For participants aged under 18, both the participants and their parents or caregivers signed informed consent forms.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
