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Authors
Omer, Alaa T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-2052
Ahmed, Alaa A.Y https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9418-2560
Birier, Anmar B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-0072
Alshareif, Baha Aldeen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-2038
Mohmmedalageel, Isra Isameldeen Mohmmed https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7686-3083
Ahmad Ibrahim, Logien Abuelgasim
Osman, Maaza https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0198-2173
Idris, Mohamed I. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5323-988X
Osman, Mohammed
Elsiddig, Mudathir https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9066-5469
Wedaatalla, Salah Aldin K. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4432-9375
Elhassan, Suodad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-5902
Ibrahim, Yagoub https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5625-5575
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health and Social Development in Kassala State, one of the participating sites.Before data collection, written informed consent to participate was obtained from all the participants in the study and they were assured of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. All Participants were informed that their responses would be kept strictly confidential and used solely for research purposes and publication, with no identifying information collected or disclosed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
