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Authors
Zheng, Ting
Zheng, Xiao
Xue, Benli
Xiao, Shujuan
Yang, Lingli
Zhang, Xinyi
Chen, Chengyu
Li, Xinru
Zhang, Mengjie
Liao, Yanming
Li, Yuyang
Zhang, Chichen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274091)
Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Foundation (GD23CGL06)
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2024
Accepted: 26 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: CHARLS investigations were approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University, Beijing, China (IRB00001052-11015). All participants were voluntarily involved and obtained informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
