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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 26 August 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was achieved in both countries. In Sweden through the Ethical Approval Authority (Etikprövningsmyndigheten) with Decision number: 2023-03206-01-440234 signed: 2023 08 10. In India through Institutional Ethics Committee, RIMS Ranchi with the following registration number: IECReg. No. -ECR/769/INST/JH/2015/RR-21. Informed consent is to be received in both countries.

: Not applicable.

: L.M.N. was elected president of Såhkie, Umeå Sami Association in September 2023. By then, the project had already been ongoing for more than a year. The project has primarily collaborated with Såhkie’s senior group, of which L.M.N. is not a member. However, in matters directed at the municipality, the elder group sometimes requests that she, as president, represent their views. L.M.N.‘s dual roles as both a researcher and a representative for the Sami in Umeå have presented some ethical dilemmas for her, especially in the implementation study, during which she sometimes felt compelled to consider the association’s longer-term perspective rather than the researchers limited project period. The project group has addressed this and similar dilemmas through dialogue and self-reflection. The quantitative parts of the project have not been affected.