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Authors
Ciccone, Emily J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2445-8473
Gutierrez, Ana T. Bravo
Nyangoma, Grace
Shelus, Victoria
Kibaba, Georget
Mwebembezi, Fred
Baguma, Emmanuel
Reyes, Raquel
Juliano, Jonathan J.
Boyce, Ross M.
Ntaro, Moses
Mulogo, Edgar M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Thrasher Research Fund (#15206)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007106)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K23AI173658, 5K24AI134990, 5K23AI141764)
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the ethical principles for medical research involving human participants as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board (#18-2803), Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (14/03–19), and Uganda National Council on Science and Technology (HS 2631). All enrolled individuals provided written free and informed consent for participation in both the parent and nested sub-study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
