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Authors
Tveit, Olav Bertin
Biele, Guido
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
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Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. The study presents analyses of previously collected data. Participation was voluntary, and both students and their parents were informed accordingly. All students had to consent to participate in the study and could withdraw at any time. Parents had the option to withdraw their children from the study. For grades 8 to 10 the survey was completely anonymous and did not require approval from data protection authorities. The data protection officer at OsloMet approved data collection from high school students. The National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities (NESH) approved the use of passive parental consent for the Ungdata study. NESH is an independent ethics committee appointed by the Ministry of Education and Research. Additional details can be found on the project’s official website: .
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
