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Article History

Received: 19 June 2025

Accepted: 2 September 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The Netherlands National Medical Ethics Committee, NedMec, reviewed our study and found it to not be subject to the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO), meaning that the study did not need further reviewing by the Medical Ethics Committee #22/760). Our study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Review Board of the Faculty of Social & Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University (#22–0439), guided by the National Code of Ethics for Research in the Social and Behavioural Sciences involving human participants, as well as the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent, no IP-addresses were collected, and their privacy and data were handled in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation. At the start of the survey, participants received all information required to be able to provide informed consent. Participants who did not provide informed consent did not receive further questions are were excluded from the survey. As per Dutch law, young people aged 16 or 17 did not need parental consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.