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Article History

Received: 21 April 2025

Accepted: 3 September 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Keio University School of Medicine under the ethical guidelines set forth by the Declaration of Helsinki, approved by the ethics committee at Keio University School of Medicine (2021-1031-4), and registered at UMIN (UMIN000045528).

: Not applicable.

: MM has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Japan, Byer Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma, Demant Japan, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fuji Film RI Pharma, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical, H.U. Frontier, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Mochida Pharmaceutical, MSD, Mylan EPD, Nippon Chemipher, Novartis Pharma, Ono Yakuhin, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda Yakuhin, Teijin Pharma, and Viatris over the past two years. He received grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Fronteo, Shionogi, Takeda, Tanabe Mitsubishi, and Tsumura within the past three years outside of the submitted work. MS received honoraria from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Viatris Inc., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Meiji Seika Pharma, Yoshitomiyakuhin Corporation, and Mochida Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. AF and KI are employees of Eisai Co. Ltd. This study was partially supported by a Joint Research Grant from Eisai Co., Ltd.