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Authors
Mou, Yang
Tan, Zijun
Nie, Hongxian
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which obtained ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052-11015, and the IRB approval number for biomarker collection is IRB00001052-11014. All participants provided informed consent prior to data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
