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Authors
Liao, Yang
Hairon, Suhaily Mohd
Yaacob, Najib Majdi
Ismail, Tengku Alina Tengku
Luo, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia under the Bridging Grant (Project No.: R501-LR-RND003-0000001478-0000)
Universiti Sains Malaysia under the Bridging Grant (Project No.: R501-LR-RND003-0000001478-0000)
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Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (JEPeM Code: USM/JEPeM/KK/24010004). All participants provided informed consent before participation, and data collection was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were assured of anonymity and confidentiality, and no personally identifiable information was collected.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
