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Article History

Received: 21 April 2025

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 22 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Kenyatta National Hospital–University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee (Approval Reference: P829/11/2023). Permission to conduct data collection was granted by SIMAD University. All participants received detailed information regarding the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and anticipated benefits, and provided written informed consent prior to participation. Confidentiality and anonymity were ensured throughout the research process. Participants were also provided with information on accessing mental health support services, if needed. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.